Histopathological examination of the protective effect of intense exercise in apoptotic germ cell damage due to diabetes

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the protective and antioxidative effects of intensive exercise on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced testicular damage, apoptotic spermatognial cells death, and oxidative stress. Methods: 36 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetes, and diabetes+intensive exercise (IE) groups. Testicular tissues were examined histopathologically and antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, as well as serum testosterone level, were measured. Results: Seminiferous tubules and germ cells were found to be better in the testis tissue of the intense exercise group than in the diabetes group. Diabetes suppressed antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD, GPx and testosterone levels were significantly decreased, and increased MDA level in the diabetic group compared to diabetes+IE group (p < 0.001). Following four weeks of treatment, intensive exercise improved the antioxidant defense, significantly decreased MDA activity, and increased testosterone levels in testicular tissue in the diabetic group compared to diabetes+IE group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: STZ-induced diabetes causes damage to the testis tissue. In order to prevent these damages, exercise practice has become very popular nowadays. In present study, our intensive exercise protocol, histological, and biochemical analysis of the effect of diabetes on the testicular tissues is shown.

Biochemical and immunohistochemical examination of the effects of ephedrine in rat ovary tissue

Purpose: It was aimed to investigate the biochemical and immunohistochemical effects of ephedrine (EPH) in bilateral ovariectomized rats. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague Dawley female rats were divided into three groups: control group: The abdomen was opened and closed without any treatment; ischemia-reperfusion (IR) group: 2 h of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion were allowed to cause IR injury; IR+EPH group: oral EPH solution (5 mg/kg) was administered for 28 days. Results: Biochemical parameters were statistically significant in group comparisons. Increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, degenerative preantral and antral follicle cells and inflammatory cells around blood vessels were seen in IR group. Negative IL-6 expression was observed in seminal epithelial cells, preantral and antral follicle cells in IR+EPH group. While caspase-3 activity increased in granulosa cells and stromal cells in IR group, caspase-3 expression was negative in preantral and antral follicle cells in the germinal epithelium and cortex in IR+EPH group. Conclusion: The effect of apoptosis, which occurs with the signaling that starts in the cell nucleus, caused the cessation of the stimulating effect at the nuclear level after EPH administration, and a decrease in the antioxidative effect in IR damage and inflammation in the apoptotic process.

Effects of daidzein on rat ovary against ischemia-reperfusion

Purpose: Our aim was to investigate protective effects of daidzein treatment on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced ovarian tissue by immunohistochemical techniques. Methods: Thirty Sprague Dawley female rats were categorized into three groups as sham, I/R group, and I/R+daidzein groups. Bloods were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and ovaries were processed for histological tissue protocol. Results: Both MDA and MPO values were increased in I/R group compared to sham and I/R+daidzein groups. GSH content was increased in I/R+daidzein group compared to I/R groups. In I/R group, theca and follicular cells were degenerated with apoptosis and dilatation and congestion, edema. In I/R+daidzein group, daidzein improved pathologies. In the I/R group, Bax expression was positive with follicular cells, granulosa cells and inflammatory cells. In the I/R+daidzein group, positive Bax reaction was observed in the epithelial, antral, and inflammatory cells. In I/R group, Bcl-2 reaction was in germinative epithelial cells, cells of antral follicle. In the I/R+daidzein group, Bcl-2 expression level was reduced after daidzein treatment. Conclusions: After the I/R procedure, ovarian cells and follicles were degenerated with apoptosis and inflammation. After daidzein treatment, Bax and Bcl-2 signal were decreased. It was observed that daidzein stopped the apoptotic process.

Investigation of ADAMTS-1, BAX and IL-10 expressions in granulosa cells determinanting fertilization success in IVF / Investigación de las expresiones ADAMTS-1, BAX e IL-10 en célula de la granulosa determinando el éxito de fertilización en FIV

Granulosa cells (GCs) are essential components of follicles and play a role in regulating follicle development. The aim of this study was to investigate certain cellular components involved in the proliferation, differentiation and functional characteristics of granulosa cells in the success of fertilization of human oocytes during invitro fertilization (IVF) via immunohistochemical techniques. In this study, 30 patients who were diagnosed as primary or secondary infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome in the IVF center of Memorial Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology were included. The amount of Anti Müllerian Hormone (AMH) in blood and granulosa cell diameter and cell core diameter were measured in 20 cells collected from each patient. In addition, degeneration scoring and BAX, ADAMTS-1, IL-10 expressions in granulosa cells were evaluated (p <0.01). It was thought that apoptosis induced by human GCs might be an indicator of egg quality. Moderate expression of ADAMTS-1 was thought to be related to failure of ovulation, deterioration of oocyte quality and decreased fertilization rate. This decrease in AMH levels may be associated with defects in granulosa cells. Therefore, significantly lower AMH secretion and increase in IL10 expression levels in healthy people can be explained by the increase of granulocyte cells.

Las células de la granulosa (GC) son componentes esenciales de los folículos y tienen un papel en la regulación del desarrollo de éste. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar ciertos componentes celulares involucrados en la proliferación, diferenciación y características funcionales de las células de la granulosa en el éxito de la fertilización de los ovocitos humanos durante la fertilización in vitro (FIV) a través de técnicas inmunohistoquímicas. En este estudio, se incluyeron 30 pacientes diagnosticados con infertilidad primaria o secundaria, síndrome de ovario poliquístico en el centro de FIV del Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Memorial. La cantidad de Hormona Anti Mülleriana (AMH) en la sangre, el diámetro de las células de la granulosa y el diámetro del núcleo celular se midieron en 20 células obtenidas de cada paciente. Además, se evaluó la puntuación de degeneración y las expresiones BAX, ADAMTS-1, IL-10 en células de granulosa (p <0,01). Se estimó que la apoptosis inducida por los GC humanos podría ser un indicador de la calidad del huevo. Se estimó que la expresión moderada de ADAMTS-1 estaba relacionada con el fracaso de la ovulación, el deterioro de la calidad de los ovocitos y la disminución de la tasa de fertilización. La disminución en los niveles de AMH puede estar asociada con defectos en las células de la granulosa. Por lo tanto, el aumento de las células de granulocitos puede explicar la disminución significativa de la secreción de AMH y el aumento de los niveles de expresión de IL10 en personas sanas.

Investigation of the role of rosmarinic acid treatment in regulating inflammation, cell damage, and angiogenesis in rat ovarian torsion and detorsion models

Abstract Purpose To investigate the protective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury using biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Methods Wistar female rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion with RA. Rosmarinic acid was given at a dose of 50 mg/kg by oral gavage three hours after reperfusion. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in the ovary tissue homogenates for each rat. Results In the ischemia-reperfusion with RA group, the epithelial cells are regularly regulated at the periphery, and the degenerative changes in preantral and antral follicle cells are reduced. Follicle cells and cells in the corpus luteum showed a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, while VEGF demonstrated a positive reaction in vascular endothelial cells and stromal cells. The TNF-α expression due to the decreased degenerative effect and inflammation was positive in the macrophage cells. The expression of caspase-3 as an apoptosis change was negative in antral follicle cells and granular cells around the antral follicle. Conclusion Different doses of RA may be useful in preventing ischemic damage after vascularization, inflammation, and apoptotic development after ischemia/reperfusion.